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LICENSE
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Copyright 2020-2021 CERN
Copyright 2020-2021 CERN. All rights not expressly granted are reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

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README.md
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# CARA - COVID Airborne Risk Assessment
CARA is a risk assessment tool developed to model the concentration of viruses in enclosed spaces, in order to inform space-management decisions.
CARA models the concentration profile of potential infectious viruses in enclosed spaces with clear and intuitive graphs.
The user can set a number of parameters, including room volume, exposure time, activity type, mask-wearing and ventilation.
The report generated indicates how to avoid exceeding critical concentrations and chains of airborne transmission in spaces such as individual offices, meeting rooms and labs.
The risk assessment tool simulates the long-range airborne spread SARS-CoV-2 virus in a finite volume, assuming a homogenous mixture, and estimates the risk of COVID-19 infection therein.
The results DO NOT include short-range airborne exposure (where the physical distance is a significant factor) nor the other known modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Hence, the output from this model is only valid when the other recommended public health & safety instructions are observed, such as adequate physical distancing, good hand hygiene and other barrier measures.
The model used is based on scientific publications relating to airborne transmission of infectious diseases, dose-response exposures and aerosol science, as of February 2021.
It can be used to compare the effectiveness of different airborne-related risk mitigation measures.
Note that this model applies a deterministic approach, i.e., it is assumed at least one person is infected and shedding viruses into the simulated volume.
Nonetheless, it is also important to understand that the absolute risk of infection is uncertain, as it will depend on the probability that someone infected attends the event.
The model is most useful for comparing the impact and effectiveness of different mitigation measures such as ventilation, filtration, exposure time, physical activity and
the size of the room, only considering long-range airborne transmission of COVID-19 in indoor settings.
This tool is designed to be informative, allowing the user to adapt different settings and model the relative impact on the estimated infection probabilities.
The objective is to facilitate targeted decision-making and investment through comparisons, rather than a singular determination of absolute risk.
While the SARS-CoV-2 virus is in circulation among the population, the notion of 'zero risk' or 'completely safe scenario' does not exist.
Each event modelled is unique, and the results generated therein are only as accurate as the inputs and assumptions.
## Applications
### COVID Calculator
A risk assessment tool which simulates the long range airborne spread of the
SARS-CoV-2 virus for space managers.
A risk assessment tool which simulates the long range airborne spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for space managers.
You can find the CARA COVID Calculator at https://cara.web.cern.ch/calculator/.
Please see the [COVID Calculator README for detailed usage instructions](cara/apps/calculator/README.md).
### CARA Expert App
A tool to interact with various parameters of the CARA model.
This is currently in beta, and can be found at https://cara.web.cern.ch/expert-app.
## Disclaimer
The code and data of this repository are provided to promote reproducible research.
They are not intended for clinical care or commercial use.
CARA has not undergone review, approval or certification by competent authorities, and as a result, it cannot be considered as a fully endorsed and reliable tool, namely in the assessment of potential viral emissions from infected hosts to be modelled.
The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or implied,
including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular
purpose and non infringement.
In no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages
or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from,
out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software.
The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement.
In no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software.
## Development guide

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app/cara.ipynb
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"<img src=\"../files/static/images/cara_logo_text_cern.png\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center; height: 12em;\" /></div>\n",
"<p style=\"color: blue; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\">\n",
"Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2\n",
"</p>"
"</p>\n",
"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n",
"Please see the <a href=\"https://cara.web.cern.ch/\">CARA homepage</a> for details on the methodology, assumptions and limitations of CARA.</p>"
]
},
{

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cara/apps/calculator/templates/base/calculator.report.html.j2
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<div style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 15px;">
{% block disclaimer %}
<p class="image"> <img align="middle" src="/calculator/static/images/disclaimer.jpg" width="40" height="40"><b>Disclaimer:</b><br><br></p>
<p class="discalimer">The risk assessment tool simulates the long-range airborne spread SARS-CoV-2 virus in a finite volume, assuming a homogenous mixture, and estimates the risk of COVID-19 infection therein. The results DO NOT include short-range airborne exposure (where the physical distance plays a factor) nor the other known modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Hence, the output from this model is only valid when the other recommended public health & safety instructions are observed, such as adequate physical distancing, good hand hygiene and other barrier measures.<br><br>
The model used is based on scientific publications relating to airborne transmission of infectious diseases, dose-response exposures and aerosol science, as of December 2020 . It can be used to compare the effectiveness of different airborne-related risk mitigation measures.<br><br>
Note that this model applies a deterministic approach, i.e., it is assumed at least one person is infected and shedding viruses into the simulated volume. Nonetheless, it is also important to understand that the absolute risk of infection is uncertain, as it will depend on the probability that someone infected attends the event. The model is most useful for comparing the impact and effectiveness of different mitigation measures such as ventilation, filtration, exposure time, physical activity and the size of the room, only considering long-range airborne transmission of COVID-19 in indoor settings.<br><br>
This tool is designed to be informative, allowing the user to adapt different settings and model the relative impact on the estimated infection probabilities. The objective is to facilitate targeted decision-making and investment through comparisons, rather than a singular determination of absolute risk. While the SARS-CoV-2 virus is in circulation among the population, the notion of 'zero risk' or a 'completely safe scenario' does not exist. Each event modelled is unique and the results generated therein are only as accurate as the inputs and assumptions.
</p>
<p>
CARA is a risk assessment tool developed to model the concentration of viruses in enclosed spaces, in order to inform space-management decisions.
</p>
<p>
CARA models the concentration profile of potential infectious viruses in enclosed spaces with clear and intuitive graphs.
The user can set a number of parameters, including room volume, exposure time, activity type, mask-wearing and ventilation.
The report generated indicates how to avoid exceeding critical concentrations and chains of airborne transmission in spaces such as individual offices, meeting rooms and labs.
</p>
<p>
The risk assessment tool simulates the long-range airborne spread SARS-CoV-2 virus in a finite volume, assuming a homogenous mixture, and estimates the risk of COVID-19 infection therein.
The results DO NOT include short-range airborne exposure (where the physical distance is a significant factor) nor the other known modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Hence, the output from this model is only valid when the other recommended public health & safety instructions are observed, such as adequate physical distancing, good hand hygiene and other barrier measures.
</p>
<p>
The model used is based on scientific publications relating to airborne transmission of infectious diseases, dose-response exposures and aerosol science, as of February 2021.
It can be used to compare the effectiveness of different airborne-related risk mitigation measures.
</p>
<p>
Note that this model applies a deterministic approach, i.e., it is assumed at least one person is infected and shedding viruses into the simulated volume.
Nonetheless, it is also important to understand that the absolute risk of infection is uncertain, as it will depend on the probability that someone infected attends the event.
The model is most useful for comparing the impact and effectiveness of different mitigation measures such as ventilation, filtration, exposure time, physical activity and
the size of the room, only considering long-range airborne transmission of COVID-19 in indoor settings.
</p>
<p>
This tool is designed to be informative, allowing the user to adapt different settings and model the relative impact on the estimated infection probabilities.
The objective is to facilitate targeted decision-making and investment through comparisons, rather than a singular determination of absolute risk.
While the SARS-CoV-2 virus is in circulation among the population, the notion of 'zero risk' or 'completely safe scenario' does not exist.
Each event modelled is unique, and the results generated therein are only as accurate as the inputs and assumptions.
</p>
{% endblock disclaimer %}
</div>
{% endblock disclaimer_container %}

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cara/apps/calculator/templates/calculator.form.html.j2
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@ -318,17 +318,37 @@ v{{ calculator_version }} <span style="float:right; font-weight:bold">Please sen
<button type='submit' id="generate_report">Generate report</button><br><br><br><br>
</form>
<!-- Dialog boxes -->
<div id="DIALOG_welcome" title="Welcome to CARA!" class="dialog">
<p>This software is provided with a disclaimer and code license.<span id="dots"></span><span id="more" style="display: none;">
<br><br><b>Disclaimer:</b><br><br>
<span id="disclaimer">The risk assessment tool simulates the long-range airborne spread SARS-CoV-2 virus in a finite volume, assuming a homogenous mixture, and estimates the risk of COVID-19 infection therein. The results DO NOT include short-range airborne exposure (where the physical distance plays a factor) nor the other known modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Hence, the output from this model is only valid when the other recommended public health & safety instructions are observed, such as adequate physical distancing, good hand hygiene and other barrier measures.<br><br>
The model used is based on scientific publications relating to airborne transmission of infectious diseases, dose-response exposures and aerosol science, as of December 2020.<br><br>
Note that this model applies a deterministic approach, i.e., it is assumed at least one person is infected and shedding viruses into the simulated volume. Nonetheless, it is also important to understand that the absolute risk of infection is uncertain, as it will depend on the probability that someone infected attends the event. The model is most useful for comparing the impact and effectiveness of different mitigation measures such as ventilation, filtration, exposure time, physical activity and the size of the room, only considering long-range airborne transmission of COVID-19 in indoor settings.<br><br>
This tool is designed to be informative, allowing the user to adapt different settings and model the relative impact on the estimated infection probabilities. The objective is to facilitate targeted decision-making and investment through comparisons, rather than a singular determination of absolute risk. While the SARS-CoV-2 virus is in circulation among the population, the notion of 'zero risk' or a 'completely safe scenario' does not exist. Each event modelled is unique and the results generated therein are only as accurate as the inputs and assumptions.<br><br>
CARA is made available for internal CERN use only. It is intended for Members of Personnel with roles related to Supervision, Health & Safety or Space Management, in order to simulate the concerned workplaces on CERN sites. For use outside of this scope, please contact CERN Knowledge Transfer (<a href="mailto:kt@cern.ch">kt@cern.ch</a>).<br><br></span>
</p><br>
<button onclick="show_disclaimer()" id="myBtn" tabindex="-1">Read more</button><br><br>
<div>
<h3>Disclaimer:</h3>
<p>
CARA is a risk assessment tool developed to model the concentration of viruses in enclosed spaces, in order to inform space-management decisions.
</p>
<p>
CARA models the concentration profile of potential infectious viruses in enclosed spaces with clear and intuitive graphs.
The user can set a number of parameters, including room volume, exposure time, activity type, mask-wearing and ventilation.
The report generated indicates how to avoid exceeding critical concentrations and chains of airborne transmission in spaces such as individual offices, meeting rooms and labs.
</p>
<p>
The risk assessment tool simulates the long-range airborne spread SARS-CoV-2 virus in a finite volume, assuming a homogenous mixture, and estimates the risk of COVID-19 infection therein.
The results DO NOT include short-range airborne exposure (where the physical distance is a significant factor) nor the other known modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Hence, the output from this model is only valid when the other recommended public health & safety instructions are observed, such as adequate physical distancing, good hand hygiene and other barrier measures.
</p>
<p>
The model used is based on scientific publications relating to airborne transmission of infectious diseases, dose-response exposures and aerosol science, as of February 2021.
It can be used to compare the effectiveness of different airborne-related risk mitigation measures.
</p>
<p>
Note that this model applies a deterministic approach, i.e., it is assumed at least one person is infected and shedding viruses into the simulated volume.
Nonetheless, it is also important to understand that the absolute risk of infection is uncertain, as it will depend on the probability that someone infected attends the event.
The model is most useful for comparing the impact and effectiveness of different mitigation measures such as ventilation, filtration, exposure time, physical activity and
the size of the room, only considering long-range airborne transmission of COVID-19 in indoor settings.
</p>
<p>
This tool is designed to be informative, allowing the user to adapt different settings and model the relative impact on the estimated infection probabilities.
The objective is to facilitate targeted decision-making and investment through comparisons, rather than a singular determination of absolute risk.
While the SARS-CoV-2 virus is in circulation among the population, the notion of 'zero risk' or 'completely safe scenario' does not exist.
Each event modelled is unique, and the results generated therein are only as accurate as the inputs and assumptions.
</p>
</div>
<div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"></div>

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cara/apps/calculator/templates/userguide.html.j2
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@ -9,16 +9,37 @@
If you are using the expert version of the tool, you should look at the expert notes.</p>
<p>For more information on the Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, feel free to check out the HSE Seminar: <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2743403">https://cds.cern.ch/record/2743403</a></p>
<h2>Disclaimer</h2>
<p>The risk assessment tool simulates the long-range airborne spread SARS-CoV-2 virus in a finite volume, assuming a homogenous mixture, and estimates the risk of COVID-19 infection therein.
The results DO NOT include short-range airborne exposure (where the physical distance plays a factor) nor the other known modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Hence, the output from this model is only valid when the other recommended public health &amp; safety instructions are observed, such as adequate physical distancing, good hand hygiene and other barrier measures.</p>
<p>The model used is based on scientific publications relating to airborne transmission of infectious diseases, dose-response exposures and aerosol science, as of December 2020 . It can be used to compare the effectiveness of different airborne-related risk mitigation measures.</p>
<p>Note that this model applies a deterministic approach, i.e., it is assumed at least one person is infected and shedding viruses into the simulated volume.
Nonetheless, it is also important to understand that the absolute risk of infection is uncertain, as it will depend on the probability that someone infected attends the event.
The model is most useful for comparing the impact and effectiveness of different mitigation measures such as ventilation, filtration, exposure time, physical activity and the size of the room, only considering long-range airborne transmission of COVID-19 in indoor settings.</p>
<p>This tool is designed to be informative, allowing the user to adapt different settings and model the relative impact on the estimated infection probabilities.
The objective is to facilitate targeted decision-making and investment through comparisons, rather than a singular determination of absolute risk. While the SARS-CoV-2 virus is in circulation among the population, the notion of 'zero risk' or a 'completely safe scenario' does not exist.
Each event modelled is unique and the results generated therein are only as accurate as the inputs and assumptions.</p>
<p>
CARA is a risk assessment tool developed to model the concentration of viruses in enclosed spaces, in order to inform space-management decisions.
</p>
<p>
CARA models the concentration profile of potential infectious viruses in enclosed spaces with clear and intuitive graphs.
The user can set a number of parameters, including room volume, exposure time, activity type, mask-wearing and ventilation.
The report generated indicates how to avoid exceeding critical concentrations and chains of airborne transmission in spaces such as individual offices, meeting rooms and labs.
</p>
<p>
The risk assessment tool simulates the long-range airborne spread SARS-CoV-2 virus in a finite volume, assuming a homogenous mixture, and estimates the risk of COVID-19 infection therein.
The results DO NOT include short-range airborne exposure (where the physical distance is a significant factor) nor the other known modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Hence, the output from this model is only valid when the other recommended public health & safety instructions are observed, such as adequate physical distancing, good hand hygiene and other barrier measures.
</p>
<p>
The model used is based on scientific publications relating to airborne transmission of infectious diseases, dose-response exposures and aerosol science, as of February 2021.
It can be used to compare the effectiveness of different airborne-related risk mitigation measures.
</p>
<p>
Note that this model applies a deterministic approach, i.e., it is assumed at least one person is infected and shedding viruses into the simulated volume.
Nonetheless, it is also important to understand that the absolute risk of infection is uncertain, as it will depend on the probability that someone infected attends the event.
The model is most useful for comparing the impact and effectiveness of different mitigation measures such as ventilation, filtration, exposure time, physical activity and
the size of the room, only considering long-range airborne transmission of COVID-19 in indoor settings.
</p>
<p>
This tool is designed to be informative, allowing the user to adapt different settings and model the relative impact on the estimated infection probabilities.
The objective is to facilitate targeted decision-making and investment through comparisons, rather than a singular determination of absolute risk.
While the SARS-CoV-2 virus is in circulation among the population, the notion of 'zero risk' or 'completely safe scenario' does not exist.
Each event modelled is unique, and the results generated therein are only as accurate as the inputs and assumptions.
</p>
<h2>How to use this tool</h2>
<h3>Simulation Name &amp; Room number</h3>
<p>In order to be able to trace back the simulations in your workplace risk assessments, performed with the tool, you can give each one a unique name - for example "Office use on Tuesday mornings".

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<h2 class="text-component-title" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; align:center;">
CARA: COVID Airborne Risk Assessment Tools
</h2>
<div class="text-component-text cern_full_html" style="align:center;">
<h4>Please try out the CARA COVID calculator <a href="/calculator">here</a>.
Your feedback is most welcome at <a href="mailto:CARA-dev@cern.ch">CARA-dev@cern.ch</a></h4>
<span style="height: 5vh; display: block;"></span>
<span style="min-height: 50vh; height: 100%;"></span>
<h2>Introduction</h2><br>
<div class="text-component-text cern_full_html" >
<p>
CARA is a risk assessment tool developed to model the concentration of viruses in enclosed spaces, in order to inform space-management decisions.
It does this by simulating the long-range airborne spread SARS-CoV-2 virus in a finite volume, assuming homogenous mixing, and it estimates the risk of COVID-19 infection therein.
Please see the <a href="https://gitlab.cern.ch/cara/cara/-/blob/master/README.md">about</a> page for more details on the methodology, assumptions and limitations of CARA.
</p>
<p>
The full CARA source code can be accessed freely under an Apache 2.0 open source license from our <a href="https://gitlab.cern.ch/cara/cara">code repository</a>.
It includes detailed instructions on how to run your own version of this tool.
</p>
</div>
<h2>Authors:</h2><br>
<br>
<h2>CARA@CERN</h2><br>
<div class="text-component-text cern_full_html" >
<p>
CARA has been developed by CERN with the intention of allowing members of personnel with roles related to supervision, health & safety or space management to simulate the concerned workplaces on CERN sites.
A hosted <a href="/calculator">CERN version of the CARA Covid Calculator</a> is available on this site to members of the CERN personnel.
</p>
</div>
<br>
<h2>Authors</h2>
<div class="text-component-text cern_full_html" >
<p>
<h4>Andre Henriques<sup>1</sup>, Gabriella Azzopardi<sup>2</sup>, James Devine<sup>3</sup>, Philip Elson<sup>4</sup>, Nicolas Mounet<sup>2</sup>, Markus Kongstein Rognlien<sup>2</sup>, Nicola Tarocco<sup>5</sup></h4><br>
@ -35,25 +50,18 @@
<sup>3</sup>Experimental Physics Department, Safety Office, CERN<br>
<sup>4</sup>Beams Department, Controls Group, CERN<br>
<sup>5</sup>Information Technology Department, Collaboration, Devices & Applications Group, CERN<br>
<span style="height: 5vh; display: block;"></span>
</p>
<h3>Acknowledgements:</h3><br>
<br>
<h3>Acknowledgements:</h3>
<p>
We thank CERN’s HSE Unit, Beams Department, Experimental Physics Department and Information Technology Department for their continuous support.
Thanks to Doris Forkel-Wirth, Olga Beltramello, Letizia Di Giulio, Evelyne Dho and the other members of the office occupancy working group for providing expert advice and extensively testing the tool.
We thank Fabienne Landua and the Design and Visual Identity Service for preparing the logo.
Thanks also to colleagues like Oriol Rios, Marco Andreini, Lina Dimovasili for the technical discussions and advice.
Many thanks to the work and research performed by world leading scientists in this domain: Prof. Manuel Gameiro, Prof. Shelly Miller, Prof. Linsey Marr, Prof. Jose Jimenez, Dr. Lidia Morawska, Prof Yuguo Li – their contribution was indispensable for this project.
<span style="height: 5vh; display: block;"></span>
<span style="height: 3vh; display: block;"></span>
</p>
<h3>Intended Users:</h3>
<p>
CARA is made available for internal CERN use only. It is intended for Members of Personnel with roles related to Supervision, Health & Safety or Space Management, in order to simulate the concerned workplaces on CERN sites. For use outside of this scope, please contact CERN Knowledge Transfer (<a href="mailto:kt@cern.ch">kt@cern.ch</a>).
<span style="height: 10vh; display: block;"></span>
</p>
</div>
</div>

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